Indian Turkish Mamluks State

Abstract

The Turkish dynasty in India, known in Urdu Mamluk Sultanate, was the first Mamluk dynasty founded by Qutb ad-Din Aibak, who was the leader of Aibak trib from Turkish, in 1206 in India and the dynasty ruled until 1290. He was a freed slave from Turkish lands who become with his efforts the first commander of Kurdish army in Ghurry Empire during the kingdom of Sultan Shihab al-Din Muhammad Ghurry and after the death of Sultan Shihab al-Din Muhammad Ghurry without an heir in 1206, Qutb ad-Din succeeded the Sultan in India. He fought against regional competitors in the Ghurry Empire; initially he made Lahore as the capital of his kingdom, then he made Delhi the capital of his kingdom and built the Qutub Minar which is the most famous and tallest minaret in the world. Qutb al-Din Aibak died of a sudden illness in 1210. After his death, his son-in-law, Shams al-Din al-Tamash, came to power and successively his sons and his daughter, Razia, succeeded him except for one his sons. Subsequently, Sultan Ghias ad-Din Blaban came to power, who was the commander of Sultan Nasser al-Din’s army and prevented the invasion of Mongols to India. He got married with Sultan Nasser’s sister and ascended the throne. Thereafter, his grandson, Moez al-Din Kaiqubad, the last king of this dynasty, took the ruling. The dynasty of Indian Mamluk was collapsed by Fairuz Khalaji and later he found the Khalaji dynasty in Bihar and Bengal.